洛陽牡丹導(dǎo)游詞（精選4篇）
1. 洛陽牡丹導(dǎo)游詞 篇一
牡丹是我國著名的傳統(tǒng)花卉，原為野生植物，與荊棘無異，主要產(chǎn)于我國的青藏高原、黃河流域、巴山秦嶺、山西的中條山、河南的伏牛山和邙山等地區(qū)，原始牡丹群落可追溯到3000多年前。
牡丹在洛陽栽培，據(jù)史料記載：始于隋而盛于唐。'名甲天下'于北宋時期《隋志·素問》中有'清明次五日，牡丹華'的記載。自隋以來，牡丹在民間栽培的基礎(chǔ)上，開始進(jìn)入皇家園林，成為宮廷的寵物。公元604年隋煬帝建都洛陽，辟西苑周200里，多種牡丹成為中國歷史上第一個皇家牡丹園。及至唐宋，洛陽一直處于國都、陪都地位，栽培、觀賞牡丹之風(fēng)日盛。唐代詩人白居易的'花開花落二十日，一城之人皆若狂'即是當(dāng)時狀況的真實寫照。皇家宮苑，寺觀園林，私家花園鱗次櫛比，宋代理學(xué)家邵雍寫有'人間佳節(jié)唯寒食，天下名園重洛陽'之名句，可想當(dāng)時洛陽園林之盛，花卉之壯觀。每至春暖花開時'帝城春欲暮，喧喧車馬度，共道牡丹時，相隨買花去。'成為京城洛陽的亮麗景觀。詩人劉禹錫的'惟有牡丹真國色，花開時節(jié)動京城'以及宋代文人司馬光的'洛陽春日最繁華，紅綠叢中十萬家，誰道群花如錦繡，人將錦繡學(xué)群花。'均描繪出唐、宋時期洛陽人們賞花的狂熱程度。
中國的著名花卉數(shù)百種，各顯其長，入伍群芳，但惟有牡丹品位極高。它花朵碩大，品種繁多，姿色萬千，冠壓群芳。'觀古今花譜，佳麗360多種，無一可與牡丹倫比。因此，被譽(yù)為'花中之王'。而洛陽地處中原，氣候溫和，雨量適中，適于牡丹生長發(fā)育。宋代文學(xué)家歐陽修在洛陽做官時，他飽覽了洛陽名勝古跡，對洛陽牡丹情有獨鐘，著有《洛陽牡丹記》。他的'洛陽地脈花最宜，牡丹尤為天下奇'的詩句道出了洛陽牡丹生長得天獨厚的自然條件。
據(jù)說，很早以前，邙山上的野生牡丹人們不以為貴，常割其為柴，有個青年十分憐惜，將其移植院內(nèi)，精心護(hù)養(yǎng)。在一一方手帕，上面繡有大朵的牡丹。這個青年納悶，正要相問少女忽然不見了。展開繡帕，但見上面題有一首詩：'芳名洛陽花，邙嶺為我家。感君情意重，來春見奇葩。'到了第二年春，這位青年家中的牡丹花困果然豐碩艷麗，婀娜含情，從此他便以種植牡丹為生，家境日見豐裕。看來，傳說中的這位后生該是洛陽最早的'牡丹種植專家'啦。
自唐代以來千余年間，洛陽出了不少栽培牡丹的能工巧匠。《龍城錄》中記載：'洛人宋單父，字仲孺，能詩，善種植之術(shù)。凡牡丹變易千種，紅白斗色，人不能知其術(shù)，上皇（唐玄宗）召至驪山植萬本，色各別，賜千金歸，宮人呼為花師。'歷代文人學(xué)士吟詠洛陽牡丹流香吐馥、曠代絕姿的詩句美不勝收。唐人王亦真寫洛陽牡丹：'牡丹妖艷亂人心，一國如狂不惜金。'大詩人白居易在《買花》一詩中寫道：'一叢深色花，十戶中人賦'、'家家習(xí)為俗，人人迷于悟'，此詩道出了洛陽牡丹的珍貴及人們對牡丹的摯愛。 據(jù)說唐太和年間，暮春之日，唐文宗李昂在內(nèi)殿賞牡丹花，問畫家程修己：'今京邑傳唱牡丹詩，誰為首？'程答：'中書舍人李正封云：國色朝酣酒，天香夜染衣。'李昂聽罷贊不絕口，便稱洛陽牡丹'國色天香'，于是牡丹便有'國色天香'之譽(yù)。
千余年間，洛陽牡丹佳品迭出，千姿百態(tài)，艷麗迷人。歐陽修的'客言近歲花特異，往往變出呈新枝'道出了真諦。歷史上最盛時牡丹品種可達(dá)119個。現(xiàn)在已達(dá)500多個品種，概括地說，可分為'三類、九色、十型'。三類，即單頭類、重頭類和混合類。這個是按當(dāng)年每枝上的花朵數(shù)分類，一朵的為單頭花、二朵的為雙頭花、三朵為三頭牡丹。九色是指紅、粉、紫、藍(lán)、黃、白、綠等花色，這是按牡丹的顏色分類。十型主要根據(jù)洛陽牡丹花瓣的多少、大小、排列方式及花朵的形態(tài)特征分類。19世紀(jì)，英國進(jìn)化論學(xué)者達(dá)爾文在他的巨著《物種起源》里曾援引洛陽牡丹的生態(tài)變異，作為他《進(jìn)化論》學(xué)說的佐證。宋時，洛陽姚姓人家的姚黃和后周宰相魏仁博家培育的魏紫分別被稱為花王、花后。'姚黃一枝開，眾艷氣如削'。元豐年間，洛陽進(jìn)獻(xiàn)宋神宗姚黃一朵，花大一尺二寸，神宗興奮不已，競不顧他那君臨天下的身份，把花插到頭上，可見，皇帝對牡丹的癡迷程度，并從此傳為佳話。
唐宋以來，不少文人騷客不惜洋洋灑灑為牡丹作詩撰文，形成洋洋大觀的.牡丹文化，并演繹出眾多有關(guān)牡丹的神話傳說、軟聞趣事。
傳說，天授二年臘月初一，西京長安大雪紛飛，武則天飲酒作詩，乘興醉筆寫下沼書：'明朝游上苑，火速報春知，花須連夜發(fā)，莫待曉風(fēng)吹。'百花懾于此命，連夜開放，獨牡丹不違時令，閉蕊不開。武則天盛怒之下，將牡丹貶出長安，發(fā)配洛陽，并施以火刑。牡丹遭此劫難，體如焦炭;卻根枝不散，在嚴(yán)寒凜冽中挺立依然，來年春風(fēng)勁吹之時，花開更艷，被譽(yù)為'焦骨牡丹'。
對牡丹的另一傳說，則是唐明皇李隆基偕楊玉環(huán)夜游長安宮沉香亭，這位'后宮佳麗三千人，三千寵愛在一身'的貴 妃，聞聽洛陽牡丹已盛開，而禁苑中的木芍藥尚含苞末綻，遂使宮人擊鼓催之，花仍不開，她一怒之下，將牡丹全部貶到洛陽。可牡丹到了東京洛陽，剎那間，百花枝頭燦爛輝煌，一齊綻放。其實，以科學(xué)態(tài)度觀之，西安雖和洛陽在同一緯度線上，但溫、濕度較洛陽均稍低，洛陽則西隔崇山峻嶺，又在邙山之陽，較長安春早之故。為此，一代詩仙李白有《清平調(diào)》詞'名花傾國兩相歡，常得君王帶笑看，解釋東風(fēng)無限恨，沉香亭北倚欄桿'之句譏諷楊玉環(huán)，由是貴妃銜恨，貶抑一代詩仙李太白，終生郁郁不得其志。
這些傳說顯示出牡丹不畏淫威、堅貞不屈的風(fēng)格，也正是中華民族錚錚鐵骨和浩然正氣的寫照。
自從洛陽牡丹享譽(yù)國內(nèi)外之后，前來求購的絡(luò)繹不絕，隋、唐兩代中日 交往頻繁、洛陽牡丹傳至日本，被日本人民奉若至寶。我國的鄰邦朝鮮、韓國也廣為栽培，隨后，美洲、歐洲不少國家也相繼引種，把洛陽牡丹稱為'中國花'或'天都神花'。北宋末年，中原兵陷，洛陽宮苑毀于一旦，牡丹的栽培、繁殖也隨之衰微，移至南宋京城杭州。明亮靖年間毫州、曹州人自洛移植牡丹，成為新的牡丹勝地。四川天彭、江蘇鹽城均有洛陽牡丹名品栽種，自此，洛陽牡丹遍及神州。 新中國成立后，由于歷盡滄桑，洛陽牡丹只剩下30多個品種。1959年秋，周思來總理視察洛陽拖拉機(jī)廠，專門詢問洛陽牡丹的情況。周總理的關(guān)心引起了洛陽市政府的高度重視，迅速恢復(fù)擴(kuò)大種植面積，相繼在王城公園、牡丹公園;西苑、南關(guān)花園，開辟了牡丹觀賞區(qū)，并在郵山新建國色牡丹園，洛浦公園形成了十公里牡丹長廊，并建起千畝牡丹基因庫;洛陽市人大常委會把牡丹定為市花，于1983年開始舉辦一年一度的牡丹花會。從此，處處牡丹，戶戶天香，牡丹品種發(fā)展到500多個。每年花會，姚黃、魏紫、青龍臥墨池、貴妃醉酒等牡丹名品，各呈嬌態(tài)，看花人摩肩接踵，如癡、如醉、如夢、如幻。洛陽王城公園曾創(chuàng)下一天接待游客近30萬人次的記錄。花盛期，城內(nèi)居民蜂擁往觀，萬人空巷。正是：'看花看到牡丹月，萬事全忘自不知。'
與牡丹花會相映成趣的是洛陽牡丹燈會。洛陽燈會，姑于隋、唐，1000多年來，已成為人們喜慶節(jié)日的一大習(xí)俗。近年來，洛陽花燈聲譽(yù)鵲起，成為我國三大燈會之一。晝賞牡丹夜觀燈，把一年一度的牡丹花會推向高潮。每年牡丹燈會，千道流霞染醉漫天星斗，萬家燈火搖醒沉寂夜空。彩燈如詩如。畫流光溢彩，令你辨不清是置身仙境還是人間。更值得一提的是，1994年初冬，全國競選'國花'領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組通過新聞界披露候選國花方案是：一國一花——牡丹。此時，一場早镕的大雪使九朝古都披上銀裝，而洛陽耐火研究院花圃一株牡丹卻適時傲雪怒放，人們奔走相告，無不先睹為快。新華社等數(shù)十家新聞單位爭相報道，驚呼'國花評選傳佳音，牡丹應(yīng)知雪中笑'的百年奇觀。
近年來，洛陽牡丹不僅走出了國門，而且還遠(yuǎn)銷到日本、美國、法國、新加坡等國家和港、澳、臺地區(qū)，結(jié)束了牡丹'能看不能買'的歷史。牡丹的科研工作也取得了一系列成果，各項技術(shù)都有新的突破，基本上達(dá)到了'花開花落隨人意，春來秋去不相關(guān)'，為進(jìn)一步開發(fā)洛陽牡丹奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
宋人李格非曾記述：'天下之治亂，侯于洛陽之興衰，洛陽之興衰，侯于園圃之興廢。'時序更替，滄海桑田，無不向人們昭示著一個哲理：國興則花榮。今天，我國正煥發(fā)出勃勃生機(jī)，牡丹猶如東方之彩霞，裝扮著中華大地的錦繡河山。牡丹，這個千古花魂，訴說著我們中華民族圖強(qiáng)思變的史詩。牡丹為洛陽著裝，洛陽為牡丹揚(yáng)名。牡丹與古都榮辱與共。花開歌盛世，花謝孕生機(jī);牡丹是洛陽沖出國門、走向世界的紐帶與橋梁，牡丹，是古都的美學(xué)徽章，它將伴隨洛陽前進(jìn)的步伐，邁向新的輝煌。
2. 洛陽牡丹導(dǎo)游詞 篇二
Originally the peony is China's famous traditional flowers, wild plants, and thorns, mainly from the qinghai-tibet plateau in China, the Yellow River basin, bashan qinling of zhongtiao mountains, shanxi, henan, funiu and MangShan and other regions, the original peony community can be traced back to 3000 years ago.
In luoyang peony cultivation, according to historical records: began in sui and sheng in the tang dynasty. "Name of guilin" in northern song dynasty period "SuiZhi · plain question" in a "qingming festival times 5, peony China". Since sui, peony on the basis of folk culture, begin to enter the royal garden, become a pet palace. In 604 AD, emperor yangdi capital luoyang company, monarch xiyuan weeks in 200, a variety of royal peony peony became the first in the history of Chinese. When tang and song dynasty, luoyang has been in the capital, capital position, cultivation, ornamental peony FengRi sheng. The tang dynasty poet bai juyi's "flower bloom 20, if people are crazy" of a city is true portraiture of the situation at that time. Royal today, temples garden, private garden, with the song dynasty neo-confucianism shao yung has written "festival only two world, the world famous heavy luoyang" of a sentence, can want to at that time, the luoyang garden house, the flower of the spectacular. Each to bloom "emperor city spring sunset, cry cry chariots and horses, a total of the peony, hand to buy flowers." Become a beautiful landscape city of luoyang. Poet liu yuxi "but the peony true national color, the blossoms to move the capital" and the song dynasty scholar sima guang "luoyang spring the most prosperous, red and green among 10 m, who is the flower, like the splendid, people will be splendid study group spent." All paint luoyang people eat during tang and song dynasties frenzy.
All is China's famous hundreds of flowers, long, enlisted qunfang, but only the peony high grade. It flowers gigantic, wide variety, the myriad of feminine beauty, crown recalled. Concept of "ancient and modern florilegium, more than 360 kinds of beauties, none but with peony comparison. Therefore, known as" the king of flowers ". And the luoyang is located in the central plains, mild climate, rainfall is moderate, suitable for the growth of peony. The song dynasty writer ouyang xiu in luoyang high rank, he enjoyed the luoyang places of interest, have a special liking to the luoyang peony, author of "luoyang peony". His "luoyang ley spent the most appropriate, particularly heaven" peony verse says the luoyang peony growing advantageous natural conditions.
It is said that long time ago, wild peony on MangShan people not expensive, often cut the wood, a young very pity, transplanting it hospital, elaborate care. In a handkerchief, embroidered peony flowers. The young man wondered, was about to ask girls suddenly disappeared. XiuPa, but see a top have a poem: "name of luoyang, Mang range for my home. Are you feeling heavy, spring to see the wonderful work." In the second year spring, the youth was certainly rich gorgeous peony trapped in the home, graceful, from then on he would make a living by planting peony, family became more and more abundant. Point of view, the legendary the epigenetic the luoyang is the earliest "peony growing expert".
Since the tang dynasty, thousands of years, made a number of cultivation of luoyang peony skillful craftsman. Liuzhou, record the recorded: "song single parent, word ZhongRu, poetry, good plant. All peony one thousand kinds, red and white color, people do not know its operation,'d called to mount li (li) plant ten thousand copies, individual color, give daughter, imperial secretary call division for flowers." All previous dynasties scholars intone the luoyang peony flow spit relapsed, KuangDai unique appearance of verse. Tang wang also really write the luoyang peony, "peony enchanting disorderly, a country such as crazy do." Great poet bai juyi wrote in a poem "flowers", "ten households in a clump of dark flower, fu", "fan of every acquisition for customs, all in one", the poem says the luoyang peony's precious and people's love of the peony. It is said that tang tai years, spring, on the day of li han Leon, the temple to watch the peony, asked the painter Cheng Xiu f: "sung today Beijing city peony poems, who headed?" Cheng answer: "in the book scheeren lee cloud: freed national color to the wine, day sweet night dyed garments." Leon listen to praise, he said the luoyang peony "amusement", so the peony has the reputation of "amusement".
Thousands of years, luoyang peony beautiful, various, gorgeous and charming. Ouyang xiu's "guest said recent years old take specific, often conjure up a hydraulic-powered tree-trimmers" speaks the truth. In the history of sheng peony varieties of up to 119 a. Now has more than 500 varieties, in a nutshell, can be divided into three, nine, ten. Three categories, namely, single head, start and mixed type. This is according to the classification in the number of flowers, flower for single headdress flower, flower for double flowers, three for three peony flowers. Nine color is red, pink, purple, blue, yellow, white, green design and color, such as this are classified according to the color of the peony. Ten type mainly based on what the luoyang peony petals, size, flower arrangement and the morphological characteristics of classification. In the 19th century, British scholar evolution Darwin in his masterpiece "on the origin of species" quoted ecological variation of luoyang peony, as proof of his theory of "evolution". The song dynasty, luoyang yao yao people's yellow and developing the erros of prime minister Wei Renbo home Wei Zi known as kao, flower after respectively. "Yao yellow one, and the brilliant breath is like cutting". Candidates.if your years, luoyang has pressed the song god yao yellow flower, flower large feet 2 inches, he excited, regardless of the reigns of his identity, and placed it over his head, visible, the emperor's obsession in the peony, and from then on famously.
Since the tang and song dynasty, many bookman at a magnificently for peony poem writing, form a plethora of peony culture, and deduces many myths and legends about peony, soft smell things.
Legend, lunar month two years should, xiking changan heavy snow, wu zetian drinking poetry, on an impulse drunk pen write fen book: "swim Ming dynasty garden, rushing harbinger, stamen overnight, mo monring winds to blow." Flowers not this life, open overnight, peony not violations in season alone, shut the core. Wu zetian rage, peony fall out of changan, sent in luoyang, and to the stake. Peony has been the rule, the body such as coke; But branch do not come loose, standing still in the freezing cold, next year when the spring breeze blow, more brilliant flowers, known as "focal bone peony".
Another legend of peony, it is tang clear huang lung-chi lee kai jade bracelet ChenXiangTing vigil changan palace, the "harem of three thousand people, three thousand pet in a" your princess, hearing the luoyang peony has been in full bloom, and the wood in the JinYuan peony is at the end of the bud, then make the imperial secretary drum rush, flowers are still does not open, she was in a rage, will all fall to luoyang peony. Luoyang peony in Tokyo, in a flash, bright flowers branches, blooming together. In fact, with scientific attitude, xi 'an and luoyang on the same latitude line, but the temperature and humidity are slightly lower than luoyang, luoyang, west across the mountains, and in the MangShan Yang, the chang an early spring. Therefore, generation by Li Baiyou "qingping tune" word "taken two phase huan pour countries, often have the Kings grinned see, explain the infinite hate, dongfeng ChenXiangTing north lean on a railing" flea in jade bracelet, is the imperial concubine bear a grudge, derogatory generation by hyperbole, lifelong grief may not be the volunteers.
These legends show peony jubilant, unwavering in style, it is also the clank iron character of the Chinese nation and integrity.
Since luoyang peony enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad, to buy an endless stream, sui and tang dynasties frequent exchanges between China and Japan, luoyang peony spread to Japan, the Japanese people's distribution of wealth. Neighbor north Korea, South Korea is also widely cultivated in China, then, the americas, Europe, many countries have successively introduced, called the luoyang peony flower "China" or "flower days god". Soldiers in song dynasty, the central plains, luoyang today, peony cultivation, breeding and subsequently fails, moved to the southern city of hangzhou. Jing and bright state, tsaochow people since the law transplant peony, become the new peony resort. Sichuan day peng are luoyang peony famous plant, jiangsu yancheng, since then, luoyang peony throughout China. After the founding of new China, due to the experienced the vicissitudes of life, luoyang peony only more than 30 varieties. In the autumn of 1959, prime minister Zhou Si to luoyang tractor factory, and specifically about the situation of the luoyang peony. Premier zhou's concern caused the luoyang city government attaches great importance to, quickly return to expand acreage, one after another in the city park, the peony park; Xiyuan, can garden, open up the peony viewing area, and the new mail mountain national color peony, los pu park formed ten kilometers peony promenade, and built one thousand mu of peony gene pool; The peony as the city flower of luoyang NPC standing committee and was started in 1983 the annual peony show. From then on, the peony everywhere, every family, every day, to more than 500 peony varieties development. Yellow flowers every year, yao, Wei Zi, tsing lung lie the inkwell, drunken beauty peony famous brand, such as the charming attitude, see the flower heads, such as chi, like drunk, like a dream, like magic. Luoyang city park has set a record of every nearly 300000 people a day. Flower stage, residents rushed to view the city, town. Is: "watching flowers peony, everything all forget since I don't know."
With the peony show set each other off becomes an interest is luoyang peony Lantern Festival. Luoyang colored, gu sui, tang, more than 1000 years, has become a big people festival festival custom. In recent years, luoyang lanterns excellent reputation, become one of the three big Lantern Festival in China. Day to watch the peony night view of light, the annual peony show to a climax. Peony Lantern Festival every year, thousands of dye flow xia tao drunk all over the sky stars, wanjiadenghuo shook silent night sky. Such as lights, such as poetry. Painting colorful, make you don't know is oneself or human fairyland. More it is worth mentioning, winter 1994, national campaign "national flower" leadership team through the press candidates spent solution is: a country - the peony flower. At this point, an early nine dynasties rong snow clothe with silver, and luoyang refractory research institute a peony flower bed is a proud timely snow in full bloom, people sell, all without exception. Xinhua news agency and other dozens of news media scramble to report, exclaim, "national flower spread good news, the peony should know the snow laugh" wonders in one hundred.
In recent years, luoyang peony not only out of the country, but also sold to Japan, the United States, France, Singapore and other countries and Hong Kong, Macao and Chinese Taiwan regions, the end of the peony "can see can't buy" history. Peony have also made a series of scientific research achievements, the technology has the new breakthrough, basically achieved the "flowers bloom as well, spring to autumn to irrelevant", which laid a foundation for further development of luoyang peony.
Poets in lee ge fei has: "the world of governing revolution, hou to rise and fall of luoyang, rise and fall of luoyang, hou xing in garden waste." Temporal change, things change, all without exception shows people with a philosophy: goodsky flower glory. Today, our country is coruscate gives new vitality, the peony like rosy clouds in the east, adorn the expeditions of the earth. Peony, this eternal soul, telling us hard to think of the Chinese nation as an epic. Luoyang, luoyang peony to dress for the peony. The peony and the ancient capital of blame. Song times flowers, flower pregnant vitality; Luoyang peony is out of the country, go to the world of tie and bridge, peony, is the ancient capital of aesthetic badge, it will accompany the onward march of luoyang, towards a new brilliance.
3. 洛陽牡丹導(dǎo)游詞 篇三
洛陽市位于河南省西部，地處亞歐大陸橋東段，橫跨黃河中游兩岸，“居天下之中”素有“九州腹地”之稱。下面給大家分享河南洛陽導(dǎo)游詞范文，希望可以幫助到大家！河南洛陽導(dǎo)游詞范文1洛陽是一座歷史悠久、博大精深的河洛文化的發(fā)祥地，也是馳名中外的歷史文化名城，同時也是我國八大古都當(dāng)中歷史最久遠(yuǎn)的一個，素有“九中腹地”之稱。
洛陽是位于河南省西部，橫跨黃河中游兩岸，是華夏文明的重要發(fā)祥地之一，是我國歷史上唯一被命名為“神都”的城市。它是由國務(wù)院首批公布的歷史文化名城，自20__年以來，洛陽先后被評為中國優(yōu)秀旅游城市、國家園林城市、中國最佳魅力城市等稱號。一直以來洛陽市都是以“千年帝都，牡丹花城，絲路起點，山水洛陽”為主的重要旅游城市。
如果說黃河是中華民族的搖籃，那么洛陽則是這個搖籃的中心，所以在中國幾千年的歷史長河中，有很多的王朝都先后的在此建都。據(jù)歷史文獻(xiàn)記載，先后有夏、商、西周、東周、東漢、曹魏、西晉、北魏、隋、唐、后梁、后晉、后唐十三個朝代在此建都，洛陽作為都城，前后歷時1500多年，是中國八大古都中建都時間最早，朝代最多，歷時最長的古都。洛陽在歷史上曾先后6次進(jìn)入了世界大城市之列，從商周到隋唐時期，洛陽曾是聞名世界的絲綢之路的起點，與歐洲、北非和亞洲各國有著政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化方面的廣泛交流。
自從有歷史記載以來，洛陽城一直是這一地區(qū)的政治中心。相傳大禹治水成功以后，劃分天下為九州，并鑄造了九個大鼎。到了商周時期，九個大鼎成了傳國之寶，誰要想統(tǒng)治天下，就要先奪取九個大鼎。后來武王伐紂成功，想把代表權(quán)力的九鼎運到當(dāng)時的國都鎬京，但是九鼎非常重，費了九牛二虎之力，到了洛陽城時，無論怎么搬，大鼎都不動。周武王就想，是不是上天暗示我把都城遷到洛陽呢，于是就決定把九鼎安放在洛陽，不料周武王卻不幸病故，后來兒子周成王在叔叔周公旦的'幫助下，在洛陽舉行了隆重的定鼎儀式，表明已經(jīng)完成了滅商大業(yè)，取得了天下。“定鼎中原”一詞即是由此而來。現(xiàn)在洛陽城內(nèi)的周公廟就是為了紀(jì)念周公旦輔佐周成王建立大業(yè)，定鼎洛陽而建的，周公廟前的路也稱為“定鼎路”。
據(jù)記載，先后曾有十三個朝代在此建都，那么在這么多的朝代中呢？最為興盛的就是唐代了，唐朝在當(dāng)時是世界上最大的國家，經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮，國力也非常的強(qiáng)盛，武則天是中國歷史上第一位女皇，也是登上皇位年齡最大的的一位皇帝在她67歲才登上皇位，年終時82歲，唐高宗時是皇后，中宗時是皇太后。中宗在位7年，后來她自立為武周皇帝，執(zhí)政15年，改“唐”為“周”，史稱“武周”時期，定都洛陽。在705年退位。
武則天14歲在長安入宮，是唐太宗李世民的才人（也就是正五品）當(dāng)時唐太宗非常的寵愛她，并賜名“武媚”，沒過多久就把她晾在了一邊，武則天做了12年的才人，地位一直沒有得到提升，在唐太宗病重期間，他與唐太宗的兒子李治，也就是后來的唐高宗建立了感情，在649年，唐太宗死后，武則天和部分沒有子女的嬪妃一起入長安感業(yè)寺為尼姑，但她一直以新皇帝唐高宗藕斷絲連，李治的皇后本來就不是武則天，是王氏，那么他為什么后來又進(jìn)宮了呢？就是因為當(dāng)年王氏與蕭淑妃爭寵，掙得比較厲害，王后就招武則天入宮，企圖以毒攻毒，那么后來武則天入宮之后，也確實的打敗了蕭淑妃，在入宮后的第二年就升為了昭儀，也就是二品，后來還生下了第一個兒子李弘，后來武則天對昭儀這個位置又滿意了，于是就動了當(dāng)皇后的念頭。后來王皇后和蕭淑妃結(jié)成了一派，但最終還是被武則天給陷害死了。
洛陽是一個四處飄香的地方，尤其是在牡丹花會期間，滿城皆是牡丹，到處彌漫著牡丹的花香。那么現(xiàn)在就讓我們一起來了解這座美麗的城市。
4. 洛陽牡丹導(dǎo)游詞 篇四
牡丹花是我國著名的傳統(tǒng)花卉，原為野生植物，與荊棘無異，主要產(chǎn)于我國的青藏高原、黃河流域、巴山秦嶺、山西的中條山、河南的伏牛山和邙山等地區(qū)，原始牡丹花群落可追溯到3000多年前。
牡丹花在洛陽栽培，據(jù)史料記載：始于隋而盛于唐。"名甲天下"于北宋時期《隋志·素問》中有"清明次五日，牡丹花華"的記載。自隋以來，牡丹花在民間栽培的基礎(chǔ)上，開始進(jìn)入皇家園林，成為宮廷的寵物。公元604年隋場帝建都洛陽，辟西苑周200里，多種牡丹花成為中國歷史上第一個皇家牡丹花園。及至唐宋，洛陽一直處于國都、陪都地位，栽培、觀賞牡丹花之風(fēng)日盛。唐代詩人白居易的"花開花落二十日，一城之人皆若狂"即是當(dāng)時狀況的真實寫照。皇家宮苑，寺觀園林，私家花園鱗次櫛比，宋代理學(xué)家邵雍寫有"人間佳節(jié)唯寒食，天下名園重洛陽"之名句，可想當(dāng)時洛陽園林之盛，花卉之壯觀。每至春暖花開時"帝城春欲暮，喧喧車馬度，共道牡丹花時，相隨買花去。"成為京城洛陽的亮麗景觀。詩人劉禹錫的"惟有牡丹花真國色，花開時節(jié)動京城"以及宋代文人司馬光的"洛陽春日最繁華，紅綠叢中十萬家，誰道群花如錦繡，人將錦繡學(xué)群花。"均描繪出唐、宋時期洛陽人們賞花的狂熱程度。
中國的著名花卉數(shù)百種，各顯其長，入伍群芳，但惟有牡丹花品位極高。它花朵碩大，品種繁多，姿色萬千，冠壓群芳。"觀古今花譜，佳麗360多種，無一可與牡丹花倫比。因此，被譽(yù)為"花中之王"。而洛陽地處中原，氣候溫和，雨量適中，適于牡丹花生長發(fā)育。宋代文學(xué)家歐陽修在洛陽做官時，他飽覽了洛陽名勝古跡，對洛陽牡丹花情有獨鐘，著有《洛陽牡丹花記》。他的"洛陽地脈花最宜，牡丹花尤為天下奇"的詩句道出了洛陽牡丹花生長得天獨厚的自然條件。
據(jù)說，很早以前，邙山上的野生牡丹花人們不以為貴，常割其為柴，有個青年十分憐惜，將其移植院內(nèi)，精心護(hù)養(yǎng)。在一一方手帕，上面繡有大朵的牡丹花。這個青年納悶，正要相問少女忽然不見了。展開繡帕，但見上面題有一首詩："芳名洛陽花，邙嶺為我家。感君情意重，來春見奇葩。"到了第二年春，這位青年家中的牡丹花花困果然豐碩艷麗，婀娜含情，從此他便以種植牡丹花為生，家境日見豐裕。看來，傳說中的這位后生該是洛陽最早的"牡丹花種植專家"啦。
自唐代以來千余年間，洛陽出了不少栽培牡丹花的能工巧匠。《龍城錄》中記載："洛人宋單父，字仲孺，能詩，善種植之術(shù)。凡牡丹花變易千種，紅白斗色，人不能知其術(shù)，上皇(唐玄宗)召至驪山植萬本，色各別，賜千金歸，宮人呼為花師。"歷代文人學(xué)士吟詠洛陽牡丹花流香吐馥、曠代絕姿的詩句美不勝收。唐人王亦真寫洛陽牡丹花："牡丹花妖艷亂人心，一國如狂不惜金。"大詩人白居易在《買花》一詩中寫道："一叢深色花，十戶中人賦"、"家家習(xí)為俗，人人迷于悟"，此詩道出了洛陽牡丹花的.珍貴及人們對牡丹花的摯愛。
據(jù)說唐太和年間，暮春之日，唐文宗李昂在內(nèi)殿賞牡丹花花，問畫家程修己："今京邑傳唱牡丹花詩，誰為首?"程答："中書舍人李正封云：國色朝酣酒，天香夜染衣。"李昂聽罷贊不絕口，便稱洛陽牡丹花"國色天香"，于是牡丹花便有"國色天香"之譽(yù)。
千余年間，洛陽牡丹花佳品迭出，千姿百態(tài)，艷麗迷人。歐陽修的"客言近歲花特異，往往變出呈新枝"道出了真諦。歷史上最盛時牡丹花品種可達(dá)119個。現(xiàn)在已達(dá)500多個品種，概括地說，可分為"三類、九色、十型"。三類，即單頭類、重頭類和混合類。這個是按當(dāng)年每枝上的花朵數(shù)分類，一朵的為單頭花、二朵的為雙頭花、三朵為三頭牡丹花。九色是指紅、粉、紫、藍(lán)、黃、白、綠等花色，這是按牡丹花的顏色分類。十型主要根據(jù)洛陽牡丹花花瓣的多少、大小、排列方式及花朵的形態(tài)特征分類。19世紀(jì)，英國進(jìn)化論學(xué)者達(dá)爾文在他的巨著《物種起源》里曾援引洛陽牡丹花的生態(tài)變異，作為他《進(jìn)化論》學(xué)說的佐證。宋時，洛陽姚姓人家的姚黃和后周宰相魏仁博家培育的魏紫分別被稱為花王、花后。"姚黃一枝開，眾艷氣如削"。元豐年間，洛陽進(jìn)獻(xiàn)宋神宗姚黃一朵，花大一尺二寸，神宗興奮不已，競不顧他那君臨天下的身份，把花插到頭上，可見，皇帝對牡丹花的癡迷程度，并從此傳為佳話。
唐宋以來，不少文人騷客不惜洋洋灑灑為牡丹花作詩撰文，形成洋洋大觀的牡丹花文化，并演繹出眾多有關(guān)牡丹花的神話傳說、軟聞趣事。
傳說，天授二年臘月初一，西京長安大雪紛飛，武則天飲酒作詩，乘興醉筆寫下沼書："明朝游上苑，火速報春知，花須連夜發(fā)，莫待曉風(fēng)吹。"百花懾于此命，連夜開放，獨牡丹花不違時令，閉蕊不開。武則天盛怒之下，將牡丹花貶出長安，發(fā)配洛陽，并施以火刑。牡丹花遭此劫難，體如焦炭；卻根枝不散，在嚴(yán)寒凜冽中挺立依然，來年春風(fēng)勁吹之時，花開更艷，被譽(yù)為"焦骨牡丹花"。
對牡丹花的另一傳說，則是唐明皇李隆基偕楊玉環(huán)夜游長安宮沉香亭，這位"后宮佳麗三千人，三千寵愛在一身"的貴妃，聞聽洛陽牡丹花已盛開，而禁苑中的木芍藥尚含苞末綻，遂使宮人擊鼓催之，花仍不開，她一怒之下，將牡丹花全部貶到洛陽。可牡丹花到了東京洛陽，剎那間，百花枝頭燦爛輝煌，一齊綻放。其實，以科學(xué)態(tài)度觀之，西安雖和洛陽在同一緯度線上，但溫、濕度較洛陽均稍低，洛陽則西隔崇山峻嶺，又在邙山之陽，較長安春早之故。為此，一代詩仙李白有《清平調(diào)》詞"名花傾國兩相歡，常得君王帶笑看，解釋東風(fēng)無限恨，沉香亭北倚欄桿"之句譏諷楊玉環(huán)，由是貴妃銜恨，貶抑一代詩仙李太白，終生郁郁不得其志。
這些傳說顯示出牡丹花不畏淫威、堅貞不屈的風(fēng)格，也正是中華民族錚錚鐵骨和浩然正氣的寫照。
自從洛陽牡丹花享譽(yù)國內(nèi)外之后，前來求購的絡(luò)繹不絕，隋、唐兩代中日交往頻繁、洛陽牡丹花傳至日本，被日本人民奉若至寶。我國的鄰邦朝鮮、韓國也廣為栽培，隨后，美洲、歐洲不少國家也相繼引種，把洛陽牡丹花稱為"中國花"或"天都神花"。北宋末年，中原兵陷，洛陽宮苑毀于一旦，牡丹花的栽培、繁殖也隨之衰微，移至南宋京城杭州。明亮靖年間毫州、曹州人自洛移植牡丹花，成為新的牡丹花勝地。四川天彭、江蘇鹽城均有洛陽牡丹花名品栽種，自此，洛陽牡丹花遍及神州。
新中國成立后，由于歷盡滄桑，洛陽牡丹花只剩下30多個品種。1959年秋，周思來總理視察洛陽拖拉機(jī)廠，專門詢問洛陽牡丹花的情況。周總理的關(guān)心引起了洛陽市政府的高度重視，迅速恢復(fù)擴(kuò)大種植面積，相繼在王城公園、牡丹花公園；西苑、南關(guān)花園，開辟了牡丹花觀賞區(qū)，并在郵山新建國色牡丹花園，洛浦公園形成了十公里牡丹花長廊，并建起千畝牡丹花基因庫；洛陽市人大常委會把牡丹花定為市花，于1983年開始舉辦一年一度的牡丹花花會。從此，處處牡丹花，戶戶天香，牡丹花品種發(fā)展到500多個。每年花會，姚黃、魏紫、青龍臥墨池、貴妃醉酒等牡丹花名品，各呈嬌態(tài)，看花人摩肩接踵，如癡、如醉、如夢、如幻。洛陽王城公園曾創(chuàng)下一天接待游客近30萬人次的記錄。花盛期，城內(nèi)居民蜂擁往觀，萬人空巷。正是："看花看到牡丹花月，萬事全忘自不知。"
與牡丹花花會相映成趣的是洛陽牡丹花燈會。洛陽燈會，姑于隋、唐，1000多年來，已成為人們喜慶節(jié)日的一大習(xí)俗。近年來，洛陽花燈聲譽(yù)鵲起，成為我國三大燈會之一。晝賞牡丹花夜觀燈，把一年一度的牡丹花花會推向高潮。每年牡丹花燈會，千道流霞染醉漫天星斗，萬家燈火搖醒沉寂夜空。彩燈如詩如。畫流光溢彩，令你辨不清是置身仙境還是人間。更值得一提的是，1994年初冬，全國競選"國花"領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組通過新聞界披露候選國花方案是：一國一花--牡丹花。此時，一場早镕的大雪使九朝古都披上銀裝，而洛陽耐火研究院花圃一株牡丹花卻適時傲雪怒放，人們奔走相告，無不先睹為快。新華社等數(shù)十家新聞單位爭相報道，驚呼"國花評選傳佳音，牡丹花應(yīng)知雪中笑"的百年奇觀。
近年來，洛陽牡丹花不僅走出了國門，而且還遠(yuǎn)銷到日本、美國、法國、新加坡等國家和港、澳、臺地區(qū)，結(jié)束了牡丹花"能看不能買"的歷史。牡丹花的科研工作也取得了一系列成果，各項技術(shù)都有新的突破，基本上達(dá)到了"花開花落隨人意，春來秋去不相關(guān)"，為進(jìn)一步開發(fā)洛陽牡丹花奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
宋朝李格非曾記述："天下之治亂，侯于洛陽之興衰，洛陽之興衰，侯于園圃之興廢。"時序更替，滄海桑田，無不向人們昭示著一個哲理：國興則花榮。今天，我國正煥發(fā)出勃勃生機(jī)，牡丹花猶如東方之彩霞，裝扮著中華大地的錦繡河山。牡丹花，這個千古花魂，訴說著我們中華民族圖強(qiáng)思變的史詩。牡丹花為洛陽著裝，洛陽為牡丹花揚(yáng)名。牡丹花與古都榮辱與共。花開歌盛世，花謝孕生機(jī)；牡丹花是洛陽沖出國門、走向世界的紐帶與橋梁，牡丹花，是古都的美學(xué)徽章，它將伴隨洛陽前進(jìn)的步伐，邁向新的輝煌。